Checking File system / Directory size in Linux : Learn "df -k" or "du -sh" *

Check Disk Space with the Commands du and df - Linux

Checking disk space in Linux is important for several reasons:

1. It helps to ensure that there is enough space available for the system to function properly. When the disk is full, the system can become slow or even crash.
2. Checking disk space helps identify any disk usage patterns that might indicate a problem, such as a runaway process or malware that is consuming disk space.
3. Monitoring disk space can help prevent data loss by identifying when disk space is running low and taking appropriate action.
4. It can also help in identifying when it is time to upgrade the storage capacity.
5. It helps in identifying the files and folder which are taking up more space and delete them if not needed.
6. It is also important for security as it can help identify any suspicious files or folders that might have been created by malware.
7. It can also help in monitoring the performance of the system and its capacity to handle more load.

Overall, checking disk space in Linux is an important aspect of maintaining a stable and secure system, and can help identify and prevent problems before they occur.

Linux (and Typically all UNIX based or UNIX alike systems including AIX, Solaris, MAc or CentOS) offer
two commands for checking out free disk space.

Now this is a quick post that I call it (Don't know how I missed it till now. Posting on request of an anonymous user)

1. Linux "df" command :
Report file system disk space usage. That is, it shows information about the file system on which each FILE resides, or all file systems by default.

Syntax:  df [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -a, --all             include dummy file systems
  -B, --block-size=SIZE  use SIZE-byte blocks
  -h, --human-readable  print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
  -H, --si              likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
  -i, --inodes          list inode information instead of block usage
  -k                    like --block-size=1K
  -l, --local           limit listing to local file systems
      --no-sync         do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
  -P, --portability     use the POSIX output format
      --sync            invoke sync before getting usage info
  -t, --type=TYPE       limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
  -T, --print-type      print file system type
  -x, --exclude-type=TYPE   limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
  -v                    (ignored)
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.

EG. I am in a directory. But "df" command has nothing to deal with that. It outputs current OVERALL status of the system and its partitions.


2. Linux "du" command :
Estimate file space usage. That is, it summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.

Syntax: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -a, --all             write counts for all files, not just directories
      --apparent-size   print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
                          the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
                          larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
                          fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
  -B, --block-size=SIZE  use SIZE-byte blocks
  -b, --bytes           equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
  -c, --total           produce a grand total
  -D, --dereference-args  dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
                          command line
      --files0-from=F   summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file
                          names specified in file F
  -H                    like --si, but also evokes a warning; will soon
                          change to be equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
  -h, --human-readable  print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
      --si              like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
  -k                    like --block-size=1K
  -l, --count-links     count sizes many times if hard linked
  -m                    like --block-size=1M
  -L, --dereference     dereference all symbolic links
  -P, --no-dereference  don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
  -0, --null            end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
  -S, --separate-dirs   do not include size of subdirectories
  -s, --summarize       display only a total for each argument
  -x, --one-file-system  skip directories on different file systems
  -X FILE, --exclude-from=FILE  Exclude files that match any pattern in FILE.
      --exclude=PATTERN  Exclude files that match PATTERN.
      --max-depth=N     print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
                          only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
                          line argument;  --max-depth=0 is the same as
                          --summarize
      --time            show time of the last modification of any file in the
                          directory, or any of its subdirectories
      --time=WORD       show time as WORD instead of modification time:
                          atime, access, use, ctime or status
      --time-style=STYLE  show times using style STYLE:
                          full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
                          FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
EG. I am in a directory. The "du" command tells about that directory. For eg. the following picture directly outputs the total size of that folder.

Hope this acts like a quick guide to men and women trying to play with Linux and other UNIX alike systems. Cheers :)

By the way i remember a joke on unix that goes like this - Why did the man using UNIX spend all day at the terminal? Because he couldn't figure out how to use the "vi" command to exit!

Just to add more: Remember 3 important commands when you are sitting on a linux, solaris, AIX, FreeBSD, or Mac Box [Huh, enuff. Just remember Unix :)  ]

1. df
df command can get how much space is occupied and  how much available space

2. du
du is the abbreviation of “disk usage”, this command will progressively into each subdirectory

3. fdisk

fdisk can be used to  manage disk partitions. One can do tasks like create new partition or delete an existing partition

Google to retire Meebo Bar on June 6th 2013

An easy and handy tool to the publishers around the globe, Meebo Bar, is now sentenced to death. Come June 6, the Meebo Bar publishing tool will get retired by Google.

The Meebo Bar is a tool that publishers can put on their site to make it easier for users to discover, browse, and share content on their site. Here's an example of the bar on Budget Travel:
Meebo Bar came as a JavaScript plug-in that sits at the bottom of Web pages. It enabled a lot of different social interaction and sharing features.

So now the developers are asked remove the inactive Meebo code from their site as the Meebo Bar. In case they do not do so, teh Meebo bar would not appear after 6th, this month.

It is worthwhile to note that Google bought Meebo for approximately $100 million.

The snippet of the email I got from Google reads as follows-
"Dear Meebo Bar Publisher,
Five years ago, we launched the Meebo Bar to bring community, engagement, and revenue to publisher sites.
As part of the Google team, this continues to be our focus, but we want to best serve mobile and desktop publishers moving forward. Therefore, we have decided to focus our resources on initiatives like the recently launched Google+Sign-In (which includes interactive posts and over-the-air app installs) and the Google+ plug-ins.
This means we will retire the Meebo Bar, effective June 6, 2013."

So, the world is done with an era of Meebo.
Sic..Sic..

Dumpbin to Check Application/DLL Compiled Platform (x86 vs x64)

I will take this oppurtunity to extend my earlier post on finding .SO and .A compiled versions over Linux platforms. You can achive same target in Windows using the Dumpbin utilty. Dumpbin is a program in Visual Studio Tools that helps you display information about a binary file.

Though the utility is much useful, but here I anm only describing about how to use it to check whether a dll is build for x86 or x64 platform. I will dedicate some other post for more usages of Dumpbin.
PS: If you do not have Visual Studio, you have to get Dumpbin by some other means. But if you have MS Studia then it is prebundled with it.

Start Visual Studia Command prompt. One way to do so is:
1. Go to start menu, find your VS2010 application folder
2. In Visual Studio Tools, click on Visual Studio Command Prompt (2010)
3. A command prompt environment will be load.
4. Navigate to your assembly location. Type, dumpbin /headers your_assembly.dll. It will display the following for x86 dll and x64 dll respectively. See the highlighted areas

You can also type dumbin on command prompt to see various Command line arguments. Its easy, but important is that you must remember that this tool can help you do so.
:)

Linux - Check Shared Object Compile Version - .SO and .A files - whether 32 bits or 64 bits - Using file and readelf commands

If you wish to check whether a shared object (.so) in Linux is 32 bits or 64 bits, you can use the following commands:
a. file
2. readelf

Lets see their usage one by one:

1. file XXX.so

file command will output the file type of the given file. It will work for .so files.
You must look for the ELF XX-bit in the output.
It tells you whether the file is 32 bits or 64 bits compiled.


2. readelf -h XXX.so

readelf command will output the information about elf files.
Look for the Class: ELFXX .
The XX will tell you whether the file is 32 bit or 64 bit compiled

It is important to note that that the readelf -h works for archive files (.a) as well.

And for the reference of our users, we can use the Dumpbin utility over Windows for similar and more information over the Windows platform.
A separate blog post will capture those details later.

Sort Blog Posts using Yahoo Pipes - Blogger Posts in alphabetical, chronological, date wise order

Problem Statement: Sort the Blog posts in a desired order like chronological, or Alphabetical order.
One of the many tools: Yahoo Pipes. We will use Yahoo Pipes to solve this problem.

Yahoo! Pipes is a web application from Yahoo! that provides a graphical user interface for building
data mashups that aggregate web feeds, web pages, and other services, creating Web-based apps from
various sources, and publishing those apps. Hence, Yahoo Pipes is an amazing Data Mining Tool.
Or, lets say a Data analysis tool. Now let us see what does it take to get to our solution of sorting the Blog posts in a desired order like chronological, or Alphabetical order. And that too using Yahoo Pipes!!

Step 1: Get the Blog Feed using Atoms
First we get the blog feed URL. In this case we will use :
http://http://new-it-discussions.blogspot.in/atom.xml
Then to include all posts we add this parameter to the above feed url :
?redirect=false&start-index=1&max-results=999
This will fetch 1000 posts from the blog. Now the complete feed url is :
http://http://new-it-discussions.blogspot.in/atom.xml?redirect=false&start-index=1&max-results=999


Step 2: Launch the Yahoo Pipes project to create data mashup for aggregating and analysing data
For this Just Create a Yahoo Profile and Register A Pipes Account.

Step 3: Using Yahoo Pipes to create Web based app combining data from different sources and applying analytics
The Left HAndside Menu will have different options and operators.
Use Feed Operator as Input. So, now input to you Pipe will  be the feed from your blog
Now Bring, drag and drop, a Sort Operator.
For reference, please see the image which shows my Pipe in development stage :)

I used the sort by itel.PubDate. This means sorting by Publishing date.
You can sort by Alphabetically and other options. You may also select Ascending or descending.
Now connect the output from this to the final output.
This compleet one Yahoo Pipe.
You can Run and then publish the Yahoo Pipe

Voila!!
Your First Yahoo  PIpe is created.


The Discussions For IT People Blog has created some Pipe for its own usage. You can view them at:
Discussions-For-IT-People-Pipe-BlogListAlphabetical
http://pipes.yahoo.com/pipes/pipe.info?_id=b74f9eeb70b27af587832209b7acfbd0
Discussions-For-IT-People-Pipe-BlogListChronological
http://pipes.yahoo.com/pipes/pipe.info?_id=c948a93a254e97b3ad59df059b2983cc

Reliance to launch 4G internet at INR 10 per GB. Cheap Dongle, cheap internet.

Karlo Dunia Mutthi Me!! Version 2.0

Once again Reliance is all set to show to the world that not only it is bold and consumer friendly, but also fond in exploring and occupying the entire business space available. Way back, it was Reliance who brought about a mobile revolution in the country. And now, it seems it will bring back data revolution across the nation.

Though it is coined by someone else, but I deeply remember the slogan "roti kapda ur makaan" changed into "roti kapda makaan aur bandwidth". Envisioned by one of the legends of modern times, his dream is all set to come true.


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Reliance has announced to offer 4G internet at 10 Rs per GB in India!!! This is tenth of a price for 2G and 50 times less than current 3G prices. The report says that RIL will also offer tablets at a subsidized price of Rs 3,500 and will bundle data plans for  Rs 10 per GB. However, the company did not commit a launch date. It was communicated that it was still in the planning phase. 

Much more can be read at http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-12-06/news/30481876_1_ril-plans-ril-management-tariff-plans

Now I seriously advice other players in this arena to start treating RIL's launch as a threat at this moment. And if very near moments to come, they do not come up with other strategies, it may really be very hard time for them. I would like to notify all that:

1. RIL is the only company to have pan-India spectrum. It can offer wireless broadband services on the 4G technology platform. It has already paid Rs 13,000 crore for these airwaves, as the story goes.

2. In 2003, the beautiful white handsets in INR 500 has been a huge success in the mass, but a gigantic loss for the company. In 2006, after Anil Ambani took charge of the telecom unit of the divided Reliance group, and bore a loss of nearly Rs 4,500 crore.

3.RIL also suggests of entering profoundly in tablets world. Currently the cheapest tablets in the market are between Rs 8000 and Rs 13,000. Aakash is not being counted in this research, because many still believe Aakash to be merely a hyperbole :). [Though, if they seriously come up, they have potential of rocking market. But may be they need consultants like me ;) ]

4.Typically, 1GB of data costs an operator less than Re.1. But they charge around Rs.100 on 2G and Rs.300-500 on 3G for same amount of data. The high cost is due to what they spend on infrastructure setup and maintenance. But after they reach breakeven (still 1-2 years left for many), the data prices will slash down drastically. 

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So plans for other companies should be:

a. Reduce data prices
b. increase uplink and download speeds
c. offer some package like 10 rupees a month for facebook. typically not many cross 500 mb on  a mobile device for facebook alone. you can plan to block video streaming if you like in this special pack
d. focus more on your security, and advertise on those stuff. because once the price is normalized, what everyone cares about next is your quality.
e.Treat RIL plans seriously and gear up your management people to just not to fight, rather survive in the business.
f. Think on the lines of increasing volume of sale and decreasing profit per user at present. Overall you will get more profit. Old management principal. But its high time to apply now!!!
g. target special segments like parents, rural areas - these people normally use less but want more things which are much more simpler than 3G/4G speeds - It is support, training.
h. properly target SMEs in India. They are growing at tremendous rate and they have huge bandwidth needs. Remember how Gmail and other Google Apps captured the market.
i. Contact Me :) Though it may cost you, but someone snatching your user base would be more painful!! Proper plans targeting proper people is my especiality. :)

5. Be adviced everyone, that Reliance will be using Qualcomm LTE technology. Hence the devices may be a slightly costlier, but speed guaranteed :)

6. We should not forget that in 2012, Reliance Industries (RIL) has signed a deal with Moscow-based company Spirit DSP to license Video and Voice engine. This may also be seen as a future plan of Skype-like video and voice calling services (VVoIP) to its subscribers. And this time with fastest LTE technology of Qualcomm. Hats off Reliance!! Skype (now Microsoft) and WhatsApp( now planning to charge its users), it is time for you people too to put in some serious thoughts.

7. The plan is not so easy path for reliance too. Lets assume that Reliance 4G gets 60 million subscribers [Ques: How I guessed? Answer: Read magazines and surveys !!]. Further assume that each user consumes 10 GB of Data every month. This means that normal bill of such a user today with other plans is around Rs 1200 + 300 as taxes, i.e. around 1500 INR. Now RIL has plans to chare INR 100 + lets say a tax of 20 INR, making a total of INR 120. So, the present difference is around 1380 INR. Hence, if we assume other operators to stay at same price, RIL will have a top-line of 60 million* 1380 i.e. around INR 7000 crore. And, it is important to keep in account that 10 GB is a surplus amount. Most, or lets say almost all, will have no need to cross that barrier. Hence, I guess for them to break even, it may take nearly 3  years. 

Kudos to Reliance from the core of my heart. I have all my wishes to you people to come up with a successful plan, and make this dream come true. Ofcource, deep penetration in the market and influencing subscribers data usage habbits is the key to success here. 

I just wish everything goes fine for users and RIL both. 2003 repetition of white handsets is all I fear about :)

--Cheers
Future is cheap.
Hick :)
Future luxury is directly proportional to my growth and inversely proportional to my present luxuries.
+91-8888327658

Pothi: The Book Advisor

Pothi.org is a free book consulting organization for everyone from majftech.com and it can be used for any purpose.

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We present to you the list of books that we consider a must read for all. We know that different people have different tastes, and our books range from fiction to technology and from hatred to love. Our editor takes pain to list and come up with the best books every month.

Presently we are in expansion plans and we need help. The website is on Sale too!

And Now, there is a Free Web App on Android market too!.
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The App suggests you what best to read. Presently, the list includes English, Hindi, Urdu, Russian, French, and the latest buzz books.

A shabby tailor would not be a gentleman's tailor.

Thats true!!

This thought has occured to me a while before. And, I seriously find this a good phrase in the world of Services and Product companies, institutions, and organisations.

Brief of the letter to a leading Software Company( sent a couple of minutes before.) This also describes my phrase coined today i.e. January 28th, 2013.

Dear Company,

For a company as big as you and one of the biggest seller of softwares, products, SaaS and hosted platform services, you should be very cautious of choice of softwares, and your own security mechanisms. Technically, because a shabby tailor would not be a gentleman's tailor.

Yours sincerely,
Anwar Faiz
Toughjamy@Yahoo.Com

PS: I would not reveal the name of the company and the sort of attack or vulnerabilty pointed in their system. I have already send the details, screenshots, source code lines having mistakes, the degree of threat, and possible resolutions to the concerned authorities in the company.

I am not bound to maintain this secrecy, but I feel its ethical :)

CentOS 6.3 - Version/ Network/ GCC/ GDB - Settings

Good that you chose CentOS for your usage. Undoubtedly, it is a good Linux flavor. You may download latest binaries/ iso images etc from http://www.centos.org/

What is CentOS Linux?

It is worthwhile to mention that CentOS is an Enterprise-class Linux Distribution derived from sources freely provided to the public by a prominent North American Enterprise Linux vendor.  CentOS conforms fully with the upstream vendor's redistribution policy and aims to be 100% binary compatible. (CentOS mainly changes packages to remove upstream vendor branding and artwork.)  CentOS is free.

CentOS is developed by a small but growing team of core developers.  In turn the core developers are supported by an active user community including system administrators, network administrators, enterprise users, managers, core Linux contributors and Linux enthusiasts from around the world.

Above description may also be read in full details at centos.org.

How to check Version of CentOS? 32bit or 64 bit?

if u do uname -a

you will get linux kernel description. for eg.

Linux dnsserver 2.6.xx-yyy x86_64.

it tells you that it is a 64 bit OS

in case you want to read centos version do the following:

cat /etc/centos-release

it will return you something like "CentOS release 6.3 (final)"

Now this typically tells you that it is CentOS 6.3. Voila!!

You can also use cat /etc/redhat-release.

Install Gcc and GDB

This usually comes bundled.

In order to check version you can use --version switch. For eg.

gcc --version

gdb --version

CentOS 6.3 comes with GDB 7.2.xx series.

In case you dont have gcc etc, you can use Yum command.

First check with rpm.

Then use yum command.

For eg.

rpm -q gcc-c++

yum install gcc-c++

Network Settings in CentOS 6.3

Being a UI rich OS, you can directly set network parameters.

Goto System-->Preferences-->Network connections

Choose connection you want to correct (usually eth1 for ethernet)

Go to IpV4 setting and provide Ip address.

Press OK

Then from command shell you can check whether it is set or not. Use the command "ip a"

So, your Development or Testing infrastructure is ready. Use, code, distribute, and test your applications. And thank me too!!

Signing off for now.

Mohd Anwar Jamal Faiz

Toughjamy@yahoo.com

ItzUpp Accepted - Google Developer Challenge 2012

ItzUpp accepted into the Google Places API Developer Challenge 2012

[Google-Worldwide-News] Last month, December 2012, ItzUpp was accepted as a contestant into the Google Places API Developer Challenge. Seems, it is one of the two selected entries from India! And Google has accepted and listed Top 52 Apps on their website. ItzUpp is one of them!!

The Itzupp details video is ==> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgTc8xp6F_I&feature=youtu.be
The blog post describing ItzUpp is ==> See ItzUpping details
Go HERE to vote ==> https://developers.google.com/places/challenge/gallery

The timeline for the contest is:
August 15, 2012: Submissions Begin
November 30, 2012: Deadline for Application Submission
December 12 – December 31, 2012: Public Voting
December 12 – January 11, 2013: Voting by Judges
January 30, 2013: Winners Announced
2013: Live Streaming of Awards Presentation Hangout with a recap at the 2013 I/O Conference

The prizes are:
Showcase your Google Places API application at our annual Google I/O conference in San Francisco. There will be two categories of awards – Judge’s Choice and People’s Choice awards:
Judge’s Choice Award
Three (3) application entries will receive an immersive experience at Google I/O 2013, including:
2 Google I/O tickets per winning team
$3500 travel stipend
A chance to showcase their app at Google I/O 2013
Dinner with the Google Maps and Places API team
Three runners up will enjoy:
One (1) Google Nexus 7 16gb Tablet
A 15-minute hang out with a Google Executive
People’s Choice Award
One entry will be chosen by the voting public and will receive:
2 Google I/O tickets per team
$3500 travel stipend
A chance to showcase their app at Google I/O 2013
Dinner with the Google Maps and Places API team

Public Voting has now closed.


The Tagline of Itzupp is - Before you visit. The bold letters on the website says "Know The Places Around Before You Actually Visit."

One user has reported the following--
"I always use www.itzupp.com  to find about any place. I can search any restaurant, shopping complex, shops, pubs and discs. I can read reviews too and also see adjacent areas. I have used this in my recent travel to London, UK and Goa, India.  http://www.itzupp.com
Awesome feedbacks and reviews. Very objective details.
AND BEST PART. I SEARCHED "halal meat in london" to get a long list of restaurants serving halal meat. http://www.itzupp.com This is just amazing service!!
I just love itzupping!!""



This is world's first service to find and know the places around beforehand. Find, explore, and review the places around you before you actually visit it. This is called ItzUpping!!
Try http://www.itzupp.com