Simple Ways to Get the Size of Directories and files in Linux

• Check Disk Space with the Commands du and df - Linux
• How to find size of directory in linux
• How do I get the size of a directory on the command line
• Linux Check Disk Space Command To View System
• display the size and other stats of a file/directory or a filesystem.
• How to Get the Size of a Directory in Linux | Linuxizelinuxize.com › post › system Linux and Unix du command tutorial with examples

To answer these questions, I published an article in 2013. Since then it attained nearly half a million views. After 7 years, i find myself prompted to add some more details on it in relation to latest developments around this. So, please have all your above answers here:


Linux (and Typically all UNIX based or UNIX alike systems including AIX, Solaris, MAC or CentOS) offer two commands for checking out free disk space.


1. Linux "df" command :

Report file system disk space usage. That is, it shows information about the file system on which each FILE resides, or all file systems by default.


Syntax:  df [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

  -a, --all             include dummy file systems
  -B, --block-size=SIZE  use SIZE-byte blocks
  -h, --human-readable  print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
  -H, --si              likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
  -i, --inodes          list inode information instead of block usage
  -k                    like --block-size=1K
  -l, --local           limit listing to local file systems
      --no-sync         do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
  -P, --portability     use the POSIX output format
      --sync            invoke sync before getting usage info
  -t, --type=TYPE       limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
  -T, --print-type      print file system type
  -x, --exclude-type=TYPE   limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
  -v                    (ignored)
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.

EG. I am in a directory. But "df" command has nothing to deal with that. It outputs current OVERALL status of the system and its partitions.


 



2. Linux "du" command :


Estimate file space usage. That is, it summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.


Syntax: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

  -a, --all             write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size   print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
                          the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
                          larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
                          fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
  -B, --block-size=SIZE  use SIZE-byte blocks
  -b, --bytes           equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
  -c, --total           produce a grand total
  -D, --dereference-args  dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
                          command line
      --files0-from=F   summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file
                          names specified in file F
  -H                    like --si, but also evokes a warning; will soon
                          change to be equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
  -h, --human-readable  print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
      --si              like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
  -k                    like --block-size=1K
  -l, --count-links     count sizes many times if hard linked
  -m                    like --block-size=1M
  -L, --dereference     dereference all symbolic links
  -P, --no-dereference  don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
  -0, --null            end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
  -S, --separate-dirs   do not include size of subdirectories
  -s, --summarize       display only a total for each argument
  -x, --one-file-system  skip directories on different file systems
  -X FILE, --exclude-from=FILE  Exclude files that match any pattern in FILE.
      --exclude=PATTERN  Exclude files that match PATTERN.
      --max-depth=N     print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
                          only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
                          line argument;  --max-depth=0 is the same as
                          --summarize
      --time            show time of the last modification of any file in the
                          directory, or any of its subdirectories
      --time=WORD       show time as WORD instead of modification time:
                          atime, access, use, ctime or status
      --time-style=STYLE  show times using style STYLE:
                          full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
                          FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.


Eg. I am in a directory. The "du" command tells about that directory. For eg. the following picture directly outputs the total size of that folder.




Just to add more:


Remember 3 important commands when you are sitting on a linux, solaris, AIX, FreeBSD, or Mac Box [Huh, enuff. Just remember Unix :)  ]


1. df

df command can get how much space is occupied and  how much available space.

You can give a device or mount point as an argument, and df report data only for the filesystem physically residing on that device. For example, the following command provides information only for the partition /dev/sda:
$ df /dev/sda
$ df -h /dev/sdc1
$ df /data/


2. du

du is the abbreviation of “disk usage”, this command will progressively into each subdirectory


Also, we can use the du command to look at the file size:

du anwar.txt
Remember, when du reports file sizes in blocks, the size it uses depends on several factors. You can specify which block size it should use on the command line. If you don’t force du to use a particular block size, it follows a set of rules to decide which one to use.

First, it checks the following environment variables:

DU_BLOCK_SIZE
BLOCK_SIZE
BLOCKSIZE
If any of these exist, the block size is set, and du stops checking. If none are set, du defaults to a block size of 1,024 bytes. Unless, that is, an environment variable called POSIXLY_CORRECT is set. If that’s the case, du defaults to a block size of 512 bytes.

So, how do we find out which one is in use? You can check each environment variable to work it out, but there’s a quicker way. Let’s compare the results to the block size the file system uses instead.

To discover the block size the file system uses, we’ll use the tune2fs program. We’ll then use the -l option, pipe the output through grep, and then print lines that contain the word “Block.”

In this example, we’ll look at the file system on the first partition of the first hard drive, sda1, and we’ll need to use sudo:

sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 | grep Block


3. fdisk

fdisk can be used to  manage disk partitions. One can do tasks like create new partition or delete an existing partition



There is yet another tool/ command that you can use:

btrfs fi df /device/ – Show disk space usage information for a btrfs based mount point/file system.



Hope this acts like a quick guide to men and women trying to play with Linux and other UNIX alike systems.

Original post link: https://www.w3lc.com/2013/05/checking-file-system-directory-size-in.html

Cheers :)

How can I open a cmd window in a specific location on Windows

Hi,

This hack will help you in many ways. And, shall help you many ways too!
This is a part of my initiative to post simple tricks aimed to Help/ease a QA Day to day life. These Tech Hacks are very handy but increase your efficiency much.

So, for our case today - How can I open a cmd window in a specific location on Windows; I provide two methods:

Trick 1:

If the folder is opened.
Click on address bar, alternatively press Alt+D
Now when address bar is highlighted, type cmd in the bar.
Press Enter key
You will notice that command prompt from that folder



Trick 2:

In the folder. Press Shift and then Right Click

A option appears -> Open Command Window here.

Press that. It will open a command window with present working directory as the selected hotel

Pen drive show empty even when data exists : SOLVED : Hidden files/ Virus Security

This is a common symptom when your computer, hard drive or the PD is infected with a malware. You are 100% sure that the disk contains data but that is not visible in the file explorer.

Now there can be multiple ways ti identify and fix it. They are mentioned as following:

1. Simplest is to check if the files are hidden and your explorer settings do not allow you to view hidden files.
To overcome this go to the file/folder settings View -> And select the 'Show System or Hidden files'

2. You definitely have to eventually scan the disk by Antivirus. Do that and the disk will become clean again

3. There is a short DOS level command that could help you overcome the situation.

Steps:

a. Open the DOS command. For the newbies, its a Black command terminal window
You can start it by goint to Start -> Run ->cmd

b. Change your working drive to the target drive. For eg. if your pendrive or disk is E: drive run the following command on DOS terminal
That is, type the following command and press Enter

E:\>attrib -h -r -s /s /d e:\*.*

Now this magical command will not display anything on the terminal. But your work will be done!

This will recursively make all your files and folder on the target drive as Non-hidden.

So now go to File System explore of Windows and open the drive. Voila! Your items are now visible!

Introduction to Linux FTP command by Anwar Faiz

This post is an introduction to the Linux FTP command. I will discuss in short, the FTP commands, ‘l-variants’, ‘!-variants’, and ‘m-variants’ command in FTP.

To start with, let me tell you that ftp command relates to the File Transfer Protocol. A typical use of the command ftp is for remotely copying, renaming, and deleting files.

For instance:
ftp abc.anwar.edu
This command will attempt to connect to the ftp server at abc.anwar.edu. If it succeeds, it will ask you to log in using a username and password. In case it is a public ftp server, it often allows you to log in using the username "anonymous" and your email address as password. After you are logged in you can get a list of the available ftp commands using the simple help function:
ftp> help
This lists the commands that you can use to show the directory contents, transfer files, and delete files.

Now let us analyze what you can do once you are in FTP command mode. The Shell prompt at this time typically becomes as ftp>.
You can type one of many commands available now to achieve different results.
For instance, ftp> ls
This command prints the names of the files and subdirectories in the current directory on the remote computer.
In a similar way, ftp> cd customers
This command changes the current directory to the subdirecotry "customers", if it exists.
In the same manner, ftp> cd ..
Changes the current directory to the parent direcotry.
Now there can be another variants of these commands too. Because remember now you are in a 2 computer zone. One is your host system from which the ftp command is run. Another is your remote system that has been FTPed here. So for these you can use a prefix ‘l’ befor above command to traverse through the directory structure of the local computer. Obviously ;) local means host system.
For example, ftp> lcd images.
Changes the current directory on the local computer to "images", if it exists.

Now we can directly land into serious discussions. First of any such discussion is about the modes of transfer. There can be two modes of transfer of files. One is ‘ascii’ and another is ‘binary’.
For example, ftp> ascii
Changes to "ascii" mode for transferring text files.
And ftp> binary
Changes to "binary" mode for transferring all files that are not text files.

The next point in discussion is about the transfer of files. After all, it is only for which the FTP command is all about.
So here comes the first one GET command.
Using ftp> get image1.jpg
You can download the file image1.jpg from the remote computer to the local computer.
It is warned that in case there already is a file with the same name it will be overwritten. Obviously you may smile over this warning ;)

And now comes the command for Uploading data, the PUT command
The command ftp> put image2.jpg
Uploads the file image2.jpg from the local computer to the remote computer. Again the same warning of file overwriting if file exists.

Using ‘!’-variant commands in ftp you can achieve results on local computer.
ftp> !ls
A '!' in front will execute the specified command on the local computer. So '!ls' lists the file names and directory names of the current directory on the local computer.

The last of such serious ( please smile again ;) what serious?). Ok. So the last one of such serious discussions would be the ‘m’-variant commands of get and put.
ftp> mget *.jpg
With mget you can download multiple images. This command downloads all files that end with ".jgp".
ftp> mput *.jpg
Uploads all files that end with ".jgp".
ftp> mdelete *.jpg
Deletes all files that end with ".jgp".

The blogpost would remain incomplete if I do not tell about the last point.
ftp> quit
This command exits the ftp program, and lets you return on the normal shell prompt.

With this I end this blogpost. I guess, it is sufficient to begin with and in a typical day to day job. For more details and examples, you may like to visit the website FTP tutorial from About.com. Take care :)